Öz
Arka Plan: Tütün kullanımı, özellikle genç erişkinler arasında, dünya genelinde önlenebilir hastalıklar ve ölümlerin başlıca nedenlerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Tıp öğrencileri yüksek düzeyde stres yaşamakta ve yetersiz uyku süresiyle karşı karşıya kalmaktadır; bu durum tütün kullanımını, depresyonu ve anksiyeteyi artırabilir.
Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışmada, Türkiye’deki tek bir kurumdan 273 tıp fakültesi öğrencisi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler; sosyodemografik anket, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Envanteri (BAE) ve Fagerström Nikotin Bağımlılığı Testi (FNBT) ile toplanmıştır. Sigara içenler (n=70) ve içmeyenler (n=203) Mann-Whitney U ve ki-kare testleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Lineer regresyon analizleri, sigara kullanım durumunun PUKİ, BDE ve BAE puanları üzerindeki etkisini incelemiş; lojistik regresyon ise sigara kullanımının yordayıcılarını belirlemiştir.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %53,1’i hayatlarında en az bir kez sigara denemiş, %25,6’sı ise halen tütün kullandıklarını bildirmiştir. Sigara içenler, içmeyenlere kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek medyan PUKİ (9’a karşı 6), BDE (17’ye karşı 10) ve BAE (15’e karşı 11) puanlarına sahipti (p<0,05). Ki-kare analizleri, sigara içenlerde kötü uyku kalitesi ve orta-ileri düzey depresyonun daha yaygın olduğunu göstermiştir. Lineer regresyon analizleri, sigara içmenin PUKİ’de ortalama 2,36 puan, BDE’de 6,01 puan ve BAE’de 3,97 puanlık artış ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir (p<0,01). FNBT puanları, PUKİ ve BAE ile pozitif korelasyon gösterirken, BDE ile anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Lojistik regresyon analizinde, PUKİ puanındaki her 1 birimlik artışın sigara içme olasılığını %26,6 artırdığı belirlenmiştir (OR=1,266).
Sonuçlar: Mevcut sigara kullanımı, tıp öğrencilerinde daha düşük uyku kalitesi, daha yüksek depresyon ve anksiyete semptomları ile ilişkilidir. Bu sonuçlar, geleceğin hekimlerinin iyi oluş halini artırmak için sigara bırakma programlarını ve ruh sağlığı desteğini entegre eden müdahalelere ihtiyaç olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Tütün kullanımı, uyku kalitesi, depresyon, anksiyete, tıp öğrencileri
Referanslar
- Cornelius ME, Loretan CG, Wang TW, Jamal A, Homa DM. Tobacco product use among adults - United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71: 397-405. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7111a1
- World Health Organization (WHO). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023: Protect people from tobacco smoke. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240076101 (Accessed on Apr 16, 2025).
- Reitsma MB, Flor LS, Mullany EC, Gupta V, Hay SI, Gakidou E. Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and initiation among young people in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6: e472-e481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00102-X
- World Health Organization (WHO). GATS global adult tobacco survey fact sheet: Turkey 2016. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Available at: https://extranet.who.int/ncdsmicrodata/index.php/catalog/872 (Accessed on Apr 16, 2025).
- Turkish Statistical Institute. Turkey health survey 2022. Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2022. Available at: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747&dil=2 (Accessed on Apr 16, 2025).
- Mittal S, Komiyama M, Ozaki Y, et al. Impact of smoking initiation age on nicotine dependency and cardiovascular risk factors: A retrospective cohort study in Japan. Eur Heart J Open 2023; 4: oead135. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjopen/oead135
- Guo L, Mao J, Zhang Q, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of nicotine in rat brain: A simultaneous investigation of nicotine metabolites and the release of neurotransmitters in vivo. Front Chem 2023; 11: 1275478. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1275478
- MacLean L, Booza J, Balon R. The impact of medical school on student mental health. Acad Psychiatry 2016; 40: 89-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40596-015-0301-5
- Rao WW, Li W, Qi H, et al. Sleep quality in medical students: A comprehensive meta-analysis of observational studies. Sleep Breath 2020; 24: 1151-1165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02020-5
- Leonard S, Adler LE, Benhammou K, et al. Smoking and mental illness. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2001; 70: 561-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00677-3
- Fluharty M, Taylor AE, Grabski M, Munafò MR. The association of cigarette smoking with depression and anxiety: A systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw140
- Hahad O, Beutel M, Gilan DA, et al. The association of smoking and smoking cessation with prevalent and incident symptoms of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in the general population. J Affect Disord 2022; 313: 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.083
- Uysal MA, Kadakal F, Karşidağ C, Bayram NG, Uysal O, Yilmaz V. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: Reliability in a Turkish sample and factor analysis. Tuberk Toraks 2004; 52: 115-121.
- Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar O. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerliği ve güvenirliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1996; 7: 107-115.
- Hisli N. Beck Depresyon Envanterinin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği, güvenirliği. Psikoloji Derg 1989 ;7 :3-13.
- Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother 1998; 12: 163-172.
- Almojali AI, Almalki SA, Alothman AS, Masuadi EM, Alaqeel MK. The prevalence and association of stress with sleep quality among medical students. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2017; 7: 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jegh.2017.04.005
- Wu Z, Yue Q, Zhao Z, et al. A cross-sectional study of smoking and depression among US adults: NHANES (2005-2018). Front Public Health 2023; 11: 1081706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1081706
- Deressa Guracho Y, Addis GS, Tafere SM, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with current cigarette smoking among Ethiopian University students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict 2020; 2020: 9483164. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9483164
- Granja GL, Lacerda-Santos JT, Brilhante DdM, et al. Smoking and alcohol consumption among university students of the healthcare area. J Public Health 2020; 28: 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-018-01011-x
- La Torre G, Kirch W, Bes-Rastrollo M, et al. Tobacco use among medical students in Europe: Results of a multicentre study using the Global Health Professions Student Survey. Public Health 2012; 126: 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2011.10.009
- Nasser AMA, Geng Y, Al-Wesabi SA. The prevalence of smoking (cigarette and waterpipe) among university students in some Arab countries: A systematic review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21: 583-591. https://doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.3.583
- Karadoğan D, Önal Ö, Kanbay Y. Prevalence and determinants of smoking status among university students: Artvin Çoruh University sample. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0200671. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200671
- Öncel SY, Gebizlioğlu ÖL, Alioğlu FA. Risk factors for smoking behavior among university students. Turk J Med Sci 2011; 41: 1071-1080. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1009-1122
- Celikel FC, Celikel S, Erkorkmaz U. Smoking determinants in Turkish university students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2009; 6: 2248-2257. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph6082248
- Metintaş S, Sariboyaci MA, Nuhoğlu S, et al. Smoking patterns of university students in Eskişehir, Turkey. Public Health 1998; 112: 261-264. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ph.1900470
- Jahrami H, Dewald-Kaufmann J, Faris MeA-I, AlAnsari AMS, Taha M, AlAnsari N. Prevalence of sleep problems among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health 2020; 28: 605-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01064-6
- Satriono FD, How SL, Islam TS, Wishwadewa WN, Habil MH. Prevalence of poor sleep quality based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among medical students in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Disord Manag 2024; 9. https://doi.org/10.23937/2572-4053.1510046
- Ergin N, Kılıç BB, Ergin A, Varlı S. Sleep quality and related factors including restless leg syndrome in medical students and residents in a Turkish university. Sleep Breath 2022; 26: 1299-1307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02437-6
- Saygın M, Öztürk Ö, Gonca T, et al. Investigation of sleep quality and sleep disorders in students of medicine. Turk Thorac J 2016; 17: 132-140. https://doi.org/10.5578/ttj.30513
- Ozcan B, Acimis NM. Sleep quality in Pamukkale University students and its relationship with smartphone addiction. Pak J Med Sci 2021; 37: 206-211. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.1.3130
- Ergün S, Duran S, Gültekin M, Yanar S. Evaluation of the factors which affect the sleep habit and quality of health college students. Turk J Fam Med Prim Care 2017; 11: 186-193. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.336155
- Bukhari SMR, Mehdi A, Mehdi H, et al. Effect of cigarette smoking on sleep quality of non-obese male medical students of south Punjab. Int J Community Med Public Health 2024; 11: 4697-4701. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20243635
- Chaiton MO, Cohen JE, O'Loughlin J, Rehm J. A systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between depression and smoking in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2009; 9: 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-356
- Taylor AE, Fluharty ME, Bjørngaard JH, et al. Investigating the possible causal association of smoking with depression and anxiety using Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis: The CARTA consortium. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e006141. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006141
- Taylor G, McNeill A, Girling A, Farley A, Lindson-Hawley N, Aveyard P. Change in mental health after smoking cessation: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2014; 348: g1151. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1151
- Rotenstein LS, Ramos MA, Torre M, et al. Prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among medical students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2016; 316: 2214-2236. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.17324
- Luger TM, Suls J, Vander Weg MW. How robust is the association between smoking and depression in adults? A meta-analysis using linear mixed-effects models. Addict Behav 2014; 39: 1418-1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.011
- Han C, Liu Y, Gong X, Ye X, Zhou J. Relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and depressive symptoms: A systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16: 1356. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081356
- Moylan S, Jacka FN, Pasco JA, Berk M. How cigarette smoking may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders: A critical review of biological pathways. Brain Behav 2013; 3: 302-326. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.137
- Garey L, Olofsson H, Garza T, Shepherd JM, Smit T, Zvolensky MJ. The role of anxiety in smoking onset, severity, and cessation-related outcomes: A review of recent literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2020; 22: 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-020-01160-5
- Jiang F, Li S, Pan L, Zhang N, Jia C. Association of anxiety disorders with the risk of smoking behaviors: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 145: 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.022
Telif hakkı ve lisans
Telif hakkı © 2025 Yazar(lar). Açık erişimli bu makale, orijinal çalışmaya uygun şekilde atıfta bulunulması koşuluyla, herhangi bir ortamda veya formatta sınırsız kullanım, dağıtım ve çoğaltmaya izin veren Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) altında dağıtılmıştır.